Ligamentous injurIES
The Basics
Elbow ligaments are bands of tissue that help provide stability and control of the joints. The ulnar collateral ligament complex consists of the posterior, anterior, and transverse band. When torn, the bone may have increased movement, leading to instability and pain during exercise.
The most common type of elbow ligamental injury is UCL tears (ulnar collateral ligament tears). The UCL provides stability against Valgus stress in overhead movements, especially during sports such as tennis, volleyball, and football. Repetitive overhead movements or acute traumatic injuries may cause stress and subsequent UCL tears.
Signs and symptoms
Patients with a UCL tear may feel a sudden popping sensation and pain that causes inability to continue with overhead activities. Swelling, inner elbow pain, tingling or numbness, and instability may occur.
Treatment
UCL tears can be treated nonoperatively with activity modification, icing, anti-inflammatories, and physical therapy. Some patients find bracing to be helpful as well.
Operative management might be recommended if conservative measures did not help, or if the goal is to return to strenuous overhead sports. Operative measures such as UCL reconstruction is a common procedure that uses tendon from elsewhere on the body or a donor.
